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    • 专利摘要:
    Current-carrying networks, methods, and devices in aircraft include a bipolar high-voltage direct current source component (52); an electric charge application component (58) adapted to extract electricity from the bipolar high-voltage direct current source component (52); a set of switching components (54) adapted to selectively switch current of the bipolar high-voltage direct current source component (52) to the electric charge application component (58) and a transient elimination component (56); ). The transient elimination component (56) is adapted to limit the current flowing in the first or second subset of the set of switching components (54) when the first and second subassemblies are not in the set. same state.
    公开号:FR3040247A1
    申请号:FR1657710
    申请日:2016-08-11
    公开日:2017-02-24
    发明作者:Peter James Handy
    申请人:GE Aviation Systems Ltd；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Networks, methods and devices for distributing bipolar high-voltage direct current
    Electricity distribution networks manage the allocation of power from electricity sources to electrical loads that consume distributed electricity. In aircraft, gas turbine engines for the propulsion of aircraft usually produce mechanical energy that eventually operates a number of different accessories such as alternators, alternators / starters, permanent magnet alternators (AAP), fuel pumps and hydraulic pumps, p. ex. equipment for non-propulsion functions required on board an aircraft. For example, modern aircraft need electricity for electrical loads related to avionics, engines and other electrical equipment.
    Over time, the voltage of aircraft power sources has increased. Aircraft with a 14 and 28 volt DC (DC) power grid have been replaced by mains powered aircraft operating on 115 volts (ac) and 230 volts AC. Currently, aircraft may include one or more sources of electricity that operate at voltages of which +/- 270 VDC. For example, a current twin-engine commercial jet airliner uses an electrical grid that is a hybrid voltage grid that includes subnetworks operating at 230 VAC, 115 VAC, 28 VDC, and a sub-network. -Bipolar high voltage direct current network that includes sources of + and - 270 VDC.
    Voltages in high voltage electrical networks reach levels comparable to domestic AC systems and require the presence of fault mitigation means to detect the passage of abnormal electrical current that may occur in the network and react accordingly . In domestic AC networks, defect protection devices usually include a circuit breaker that can trip and go into a blocking position, usually through an electromechanical contactor which can take about 50 milliseconds (ms) to operate. to turn off the power line in the event of a fault. An electromechanical contactor passing a current from a high voltage source of DC to an electrical load initiates an arc at the moment of the opening of the contactor, when the flow of electrons passing through the contacts of the contactor in the process of Open ionize the air molecules in the space between the contacts to form a gaseous plasma. The plasma has a low resistance and is able to maintain the flow of current. The plasma is hot and may erode the metal surfaces of the contactor contacts. The initiation of an arc by the electric current causes a degradation of the contacts and therefore of the electromechanical contactor, as well as electromagnetic interference (EMI) which may require the use of arc quenching methods.
    According to a first aspect, a network for the distribution of electricity in an aircraft comprises a bipolar high-voltage direct current source component with a positive voltage conductor and a negative voltage conductor; an electric charge application component adapted to extract electricity from the bipolar high-voltage direct current source component; a set of switching components adapted to selectively switch current from the bipolar high-voltage direct current source component to the electric charge application component by switching between a blocking state which suppresses current flow between the current source component continuous bipolar high voltage and the electric charge application component and an on state which establishes the current flow between the bipolar high voltage direct current component and the electric charge application component, a first subset of components switching means being coupled to the positive conductor of the bipolar high-voltage direct current source component and a second subset of switching components being coupled to the negative conductor of the bipolar high-voltage direct current source component; transient. The transient elimination component is adapted to limit the current flowing in the first or second subset of the set of switching components when the first and second subsets are not in the same state.
    According to one embodiment of the invention, the first subset of switching components comprises an intensity limit level shifted with respect to a level of intensity limit of the second subset of switching components 214 of such so that when the electric charge application component is short-circuited, the first subset of switching components limits the current before the second subset of switching components.
    In another aspect, a power distribution method includes applying electricity from a positive-voltage, positive-voltage, negative-voltage, bipolar, high-voltage direct current component to an electric charge application component. capable of extracting electricity from the bipolar high-voltage direct current source component through a set of switching components adapted to selectively switch current from the bipolar high-voltage direct current source component to the applying electrical charge by switching between a blocking state which suppresses the path between the bipolar high voltage direct current source component and the electric charge application component and an on state which establishes the path between the DC source component bipolar high voltage and the elec charge application component wherein a first subset of switching components is coupled to the positive conductor of the bipolar high-voltage direct current source component and a second subset of switching components is coupled to the negative conductor of the high-voltage direct current source component. bipolar and limiting, using a transient elimination component, the current flowing in the first or second subset of the set of switching components when the first and second subsets are not in the same state.
    In another aspect, a power switching device includes a set of switching components adapted to selectively switch current from a bipolar high-voltage direct current source component to an electric charge application component by switching between a blocking state which suppresses the path between the bipolar high voltage direct current source component and the electric charge application component and an on state which establishes the pathway between the bipolar high voltage direct current source component and the application component an electrical charge, a first subset of switching components being coupled to the positive conductor of the high voltage direct current bipolar source component and a second subset of switching components being coupled to the negative conductor of the direct current source component bipolar high voltage, and a component of Elimination of transients. The transient elimination component is adapted to limit the current flowing in the first or second subset of the set of switching components when the first and second subsets are not in the same state. The invention will be better understood from the detailed study of some embodiments taken as non-limiting examples and illustrated by the appended drawings in which: FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration from above of an example of an aircraft and electricity distribution network according to various aspects described herein; FIG. 2 is a diagram of an exemplary high voltage direct current distribution network according to various aspects described herein; FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a method of distributing electricity in a bipolar high-voltage direct current distribution network according to various aspects described herein; FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of an example of a bipolar high voltage direct current distribution network according to various aspects described herein; Figure 5 is a schematic illustration of an example of a bipolar high voltage direct current distribution network according to various aspects described herein; Figure 6 is a schematic illustration of an example of a bipolar high voltage direct current distribution network according to various aspects described herein; FIG. 7 is an example of a graph of voltage and intensity shapes that demonstrates the operation of the bipolar high-voltage direct current distribution network according to various aspects described herein; and FIG. 8 is an exemplary graph of voltage and intensity shapes that demonstrates the operation of the bipolar high-voltage direct current distribution network according to various aspects described herein.
    Embodiments of the present invention are described herein in the context of an aircraft, which allows the generation of electricity from an energy source such as a turbine engine, kerosene, hydrogen etc. However, although an embodiment of the invention is presented in an aeronautical environment, the invention is not limited to this and applies generally to electricity distribution networks in non-aeronautical applications such as d other mobile applications and non-mobile applications in industry, commerce and housing. For example, applicable mobile environments may include an aircraft, a spaceship, a space launcher, a satellite, a locomotive, an automobile, etc. Commercial environments may include manufacturing premises or facilities or infrastructure for the generation and distribution of electricity.
    At least some of the embodiments of the invention provide high voltage bipolar power distribution networks, methods and devices which include transient detection and attenuation means. The bipolar high voltage power distribution network includes a set of switching components such as static circuit breaker contactors (SSPCs). "A set" can include any number of semiconductor counters, don. a single semiconductor contactor. Similarly, "a set" in the sense of the present description little. understand any number of elements, including a single element. As used herein, a bipolar c.c. supply or a bipolar e.c. source can be defined as a DC power source where the output voltage can be set positive or negative and can generate current. For the purpose of the present description the c.c. high voltage little. be defined as electrical energy at sufficiently high voltages to damage semiconductor components in the event of an electrical incident e. can understand at Mire no limitative, higher voltages than those provided by electricity sources of 28 Vec integrated in many conventional aircraft.
    Currently, few aircraft have bipolar high voltage power sources such as + and - 270 Vec and none of these aircraft integrate a bipolar high voltage power distribution network. However, with the presence of a high voltage DC distribution network, bipolar high voltage cabling sources will no longer be limited to an aircraft area. Therefore, the sources of e.e. bipolar high voltage, through the electricity distribution system, will have to be able to eliminate the electrical activity of the transients and mitigate incidents that may occur anywhere in the aircraft where a load is powered by the source of ec bipolar high voltage.
    Because of the reliability and switching speed problems associated with electromechanical contactors, semiconductor contactors are commonly used in safety critical power grids such as those present in aircraft and having high voltage direct current applications. Semiconductor contactors are susceptible to damage by reaction to transients in a circuit or power grid. Electricity distribution networks such as those present in aircraft are exposed to a number of potential sources of transient electrical activity including, but not limited to, equipment failures and lightning. A method for transient protection against high voltage DC distribution networks includes coordinating the rate of opening and closing of semiconductor contactors coupled to the positive and negative power supplies of a source of e.c. high tension. The coordination of semiconductor contactors includes a protective measure such that if a semiconductor contactor coupled to one of the positive and negative power supplies fails, the other is not damaged.
    Referring now to Figure 1, there is shown a schematic top view of an exemplary aircraft and power distribution network according to various aspects described herein. An aircraft 2 has at least one gas turbine engine, shown here in the form of a left engine system 12 and a right engine system 14 which may be substantially identical to each other. The aircraft 2 can have any number of engine systems. The left engine system 12 may be coupled to one or more electricity sources 16 that convert / convert mechanical energy into electricity. Any or all of the engines of an aircraft 2, including left and right engine systems 12, 14, can thus be coupled to one or more high voltage direct current source (s) 16. bipolar. The bipolar high-voltage direct current source 16 may be coupled to an electricity distribution network 18 which selectively energizes a plurality of systems and devices of the aircraft 2 which collectively constitute the electric charge. Systems and devices powered by the bipolar high-voltage direct current source 16 via the electricity distribution network 18 may be any system or device of an aircraft capable of extracting current via the load and include, but not limited to, flight control actuators 26, sink converters located 27 for the screens in the passenger compartment, air conditioning systems 28, and so on.
    In 1 aircraft 2, the left and right engine systems 12, 14 running provide mechanical energy that can be extracted with a coil to produce a driving force for the DC source 16. bipolar high voltage. Other sources of power may include, by no means limitation, alternators, batteries, fuel cells, emergency power sources such as a Dynamic Air Turbine (TAD), rectifiers to convert one or several AC source input (s) to a bipolar high voltage DC source, etc. In turn, for the operation of the loads, the electricity source 16 supplies the generated current to the electrical loads for the systems and devices 26, 27, 28, this current being distributed by the electricity distribution network 18.
    Referring now to Figure 2, there is shown a diagram of an example of a bipolar high voltage distribution network 50 according to various aspects described herein. The bipolar high voltage DC distribution network includes a bipolar high voltage source component 52 coupled to a set of switching components 54. The switching component assembly 54 selectively couples current from the high DC source component. electrical charge application component 58 bipolar voltage 52 The switching component assembly 54 includes a transient elimination component 56 to limit the current flowing through the semiconductor switching component assembly during a period of time. transient voltage phenomenon. A communication component 60 is coupled to the set of switching components 54 to control and monitor the state of the set of switching components 54. According to one embodiment of the invention, the communication component 60 is designed for applying an external voltage to a set of control terminals of the set of switching components 54 according to the state of the set of switching components.
    The bipolar high voltage source component 52 is a source or power supply providing bipolar high voltage c.c. The bipolar high voltage source component 52 can provide any positive and negative voltage level for use in distributing electricity to an electrical charge application component 58, which, by no means limitation, a positive and negative voltage. The switching component assembly 54 includes a set of semiconductor switches. The semiconductor switch assembly may include any type of solid-state switch capable of becoming on or off (ie, to close or open) when an external voltage is applied to a semiconductor switch. set of control terminals of 1 switch. Each of the semiconductor switches of the switching component assembly 54 may include a solid-state electronic switching device that switches the power supply to the load circuits of the electric charge application component 58, and a coupling mechanism to allow the control signal to activate the switch without electromechanical components. The set of switching components 54 may consist of any type of electronic semiconductor switches including, in no way limiting, a static circuit breaker contactor (SSPC), a solid state relay comprising a field effect transistor isolated gate (MOSFET), a solid state relay comprising multiple MOSFETs connected in parallel, etc. The semiconductor switching elements of the set of switching components may be of any material used for semiconductor switching electronics applications including, but not limited to, silicon, silicon carbide , gallium nitride, etc.
    A configuration of the switching component assembly 54 includes the presence of SSPCs which are semiconductor devices controlling the power supply of a load. In addition, the SSPCs perform monitoring and diagnostic functions to detect overload conditions and prevent short circuits. SSPCs operate in a manner similar to circuit breakers with electromechanical switching elements protecting the wiring and loads against failures. SSPCs can change state in milliseconds, compared to electromechanical switches that may need about 30 ms or more to complete a transition from one state to another.
    Implemented with SSPCs, the set of switching components 54 may include integrated control and protection means for operations including, but not limited to, voltage control, intensity control, control, and control. temperature, to ensure the absence of overheating of the negative and positive SSPCs, the intensity limitation, the Ft control, the protection against arcing and the protection against earth faults. low fidelity, etc. The integrated control and protection means SSPC allow the set of switching components 54 to serve as a regulator that can regulate the output current applied to the loads to ensure the proper operation thereof. SSPCs may include configurable microprocessors that can be programmed to improve the control characteristics. Each SSPC may comprise any configuration, topology or electronic components used for power switching in the high voltage distribution network 50, including, without limitation, the realization of each SSPC so that it comprises one or more devices. semiconductor in parallel to enhance the current carrying capacity, the configuration of the SSPCs to be bidirectional using two unidirectional devices in series, etc. The set of switching components 54 may comprise any number of contactors including, without limitation, a first contactor coupled to a positive conductor from the bipolar high voltage source component 52 and a second contactor coupled to a contactor. Negative conductor from the bipolar high voltage source component 52. Accordingly, in one configuration, the switch component assembly 54 includes a first SSPG coupled to a positive lead from the bipolar high voltage source component 52 and a second SSPC coupled to a negative lead from the bipolar high voltage source component 52.
    The communication component 60 controls and controls the state of the set of switching components 54 in part by communicating with other control elements of the aircraft. For example, the communication component 60 communicates the SSPC status to other vehicle management control systems. The communication component 60 may transmit instruction indicator data to the contactor, read a state of the contactor that includes the information that the contactor is open or closed, and monitor a state of operation of the contactor. For example, the state of the contactor may include an indication that the contactor is open or closed and the operating state of the contactor may include a temperature indication. The communication component 60 may be based on any hardware and data communication protocol for transmitting data relating to the control and the state of the set of switching components 54 which, by no means limiting, a cable of Balanced interconnection designed to implement Recognized Standard 485 (RS-485), a two-wire serial cable designed to implement a local control network protocol (CAN bus), a trifilar or pentafilar serial cable designed to implement the Recognized Standard 232 (RS-232), etc.
    The transient elimination component 56, coupled to the set of switching components 54, limits current flow in the set of switching components 54 in the high voltage DC distribution network 50. With a high voltage distribution network 50, the current flows from the bipolar high voltage source component 52, passes from it to the set of switching components 54, passes from it to the component 58 of FIG. application of electric charge then returns. Therefore, the transient elimination component 56 is designed to limit or stop the current flowing through the switching component assembly 54 during an overvoltage state, which is likely to lower the level of current damage. in one or more components of the switching component assembly 54. The transient eliminating component 56 may be formed from and designed with any device capable of limiting the current through an element. solid state switching device including, but not limited to, a metal oxide varistor (MOV), a transient voltage suppressor (TVS), a flywheel diode (ie free wheel, damping, leveling, etc.) and combinations thereof which include elements inside and outside the switching element assembly 54.
    Referring now to Figure 3, there is shown a flowchart illustrating a method of distributing electricity over a bipolar high voltage distribution network 50 according to various aspects described herein. At 110, the bipolar high voltage source component 52 applies electricity to the bipolar high voltage distribution network 50. Depending on the type or configuration of the bipolar high voltage source component 52, the Electricity may include activating an alternator, starting an engine, issuing a command command to energize the source, closing one or more circuits, and so on. During normal or idealized operations, the switching component assembly 54 closes and the electric charge application components 58 are energized and properly reduce the current according to the operating requirements of the electrical load application components 58 During abnormal operations, or even during actual operations, nominals in full size, the components of the set of switching components 54 are not always in the same state. For example, one switch may be blocking while another is passing. In some cases, the asymmetry in the state of the set of switching components 54 occurs due to an anomaly in the bipolar high voltage distribution network 50. In other cases, the asymmetry in The state of the switching component set 54 occurs due to a lack of simultaneity of the switching events. Thus, a switch changes state before another switch of a set of switching components 54. The lack of simultaneity in the switching of the components of the set of switching components 54 arises, in part, because of the level of coordination finished achievable by electronic control. In addition or according to another possibility, the lack of simultaneity may be further accentuated by operating requirements which may include, but are not limited to, the physical separation of the switches. For example, the switches are often separated by a little more than 30 cm (1 foot) to provide electrical isolation due to the high voltage of the bipolar high voltage distribution network 50. Physical separation can cause switching slightly out of sync due to communication delays between switches.
    Therefore, in step 112, a determination of the state of a set of switching components 54 includes a determination whether or not all the switches are open or closed. If all of the switches of the switching component set 54 are not in the same state, the transient eliminating component 56 limits the current flow in the set of semiconductor switching components 54. When at step 114, the transient elimination component 56 limits the current flowing through the set of semiconductor switching components 54 to provide a protection measure for the set of semiconductor switching components. 54.
    Referring now to Figure 4, there is shown a schematic illustration of an example of a bipolar high voltage distribution network 200 according to various aspects described herein. The bipolar high voltage source component 210 includes two 270-volt direct current high-voltage DC sources 211 each coupled to the chassis earth 236, one by the negative conductor and the other by the positive conductor. The bipolar high voltage source component 210 is coupled to the set of switching components 216 which includes two SSPCs 212 and 214, a first S SPC 212 being coupled to the positive side of the bipolar high voltage source component 210 and a second SSPC 214 being coupled to the negative side of the bipolar high voltage source component 210. The coupling between the bipolar high voltage source component 210 and the switch component assembly 216 may include a limiting wire. Intensity 238. The components of the switch component assembly 216 are coupled to the electrical load application component 226. The coupling between the switch component assembly 216 and the electrical load application component 226 may include a Intensity limiting wire 238. According to one embodiment of the invention, the switching component assembly 216 comprises two regulators. rs of current to semiconductors.
    The first and second SSPC 212, 214 may include a number of subcomponents and modules for controlling and protecting the set of switching components 216. An SSPC 212, 214 may include a main semiconductor switch 224 which opens or closes to couple the electrical charge application component 226 to the bipolar high voltage source component 210 or to decouple them. As shown in FIG. 4, the main semiconductor switch 224 may include the transient elimination component 225, which may be one or more protective elements including, but not limited to, a metal oxide varistor. (MOV) or a set of metal oxide varistors, a transient voltage suppressor (TVS) or a set of transient suppressors, etc. The transient suppression component 225 responds to sudden or momentary overvoltage states indicative of a transient phenomenon and limits current flow through the main switch 224. An SSPC 212, 214 may include one or more damping circuits 228 to switch, at the output of the switch or both, to suppress voltage spikes and dampen oscillations caused by the inductance of the circuit (s) when a switch opens. An SSPC 212, 214 may include one or more integrated test circuit (s) 230 for use as Integrated Test (IIT) means. The integrated test circuit 230 allows the operation of an Integrated Trigger Test (IBIT) method which allows automatic testing of the SSPC 212, 214 to verify the proper operation of the SSPC 212, 214. The integrated test circuit 230 can test any characteristic of the SSPC and includes, but is not limited to, an arcing detection circuit for detecting an arc ignition. When the two SSPCs are open, the voltage appearing at the output of each SSPC due to a leakage current in the semiconductor is managed by a resistive element 240, 241 coupled to the output of the SSPC 212, 214 and the earth. of the chassis. The SSPC 212, 214 may comprise a switch control subcomponent 222 that can coordinate communications with external communication components 234, enable protective functions through a control module 218, and control the state of the communication. main switch 224 of the SSPC 212, 214. The control module 218 may include any control means for determining potential phenomena that may damage the switch including, but not limited to, the control of the voltage, the control intensity, temperature control, current limiting, Ft control, arc flash protection and protection against low fidelity earth faults, etc. The SSPC 212, 214 may provide differential protection against faulty power supplies, where the output current of the positive SSPC 212 and the negative SSPC 214 is compared to determine a serious earth fault. The control module 218 can control the intensity and the output voltage at the SSPCs 212, 214 in order to perform arcing initiation in series and in parallel. SSPCs 212, 214 include a closed-loop intensity limitation where each SSPC 212, 214 uses a closed-loop intensity feedback locally to ensure fair sharing of the current between the SSPCs during the intensity-limiting episodes. . The control module 218 can perform intensity limitation using any configuration or technique that is useful for semiconductor intensity limiting devices including, but not limited to, linear intensity limiting techniques. and Pulse Duration Modulation (MDI). The control module 220 can control the state of the main switch 224 based on the information provided either by the external communication components 234, or by the control module 218, or by combinations thereof. According to one embodiment of the invention, the semiconductor current regulators comprise the control module 218 and a control module 220. The control module 218 determines whether the intensity of the switching current in the current regulators The semiconductor device exceeds a predetermined threshold and the control module 220 can establish the state of the two semiconductor current controllers in response to a determined intensity of the switching current. In addition, the control module 218 determines whether the temperature of the semiconductor current regulators exceeds a predetermined threshold and the control module 220 can establish the state of the two semiconductor current regulators in response to the determined temperature. By implementing the control and protection measures defined above, the bipolar high voltage power distribution network 200 can perform a number of steps to control and coordinate the SSPCs 212, 214. For example, bipolar high voltage current distribution 200 is able to continuously monitor the state of each main switch 224 when it is blocking and passing. When each main switch 224 is in an on state, the control module 218 can provide the protection of the wires by Pt where, if the control module 218 determines that the intensity has deviated from a predetermined threshold curve, a instruction issued by the control module can put the two main switches 224 in the blocking state. The predetermined threshold may be any intensity versus time curve that determines Pt triggering and will be found, but not exclusively, in aerospace and industrial standards that provide examples of curves. Similarly, if the control module 218 determines that the switching current in either SSPC 212, 214 exceeds a predetermined threshold, the current can be limited and the main switches 224 have switched to the blocking state. . The predetermined threshold may be any intensity level dependent on the number of semiconductor switching components available to pass current in the SSPC, including, but not limited to, intensity levels of 10 to 1000 amperes (A). If the control module 218 determines that the temperature for an SSPC 212, 214 exceeds a nominal level, the control module 220 can put the two SSPCs 212, 214 in the blocking state or report the situation to an external control component via the communication component 234. The nominal level may be any temperature depending on the particular SSPC, including, but not limited to, 100 degrees Celsius (° C).
    If two intensity control SSPCs 212, 214 are used in sene, as shown in Figure 4, if the intensity limit levels for each SSPC 212, 214 are equal, the bipolar high voltage distribution network 200 may experience instability in closed-loop intensity regulation. Therefore, the switching component set 216 may comprise stepped intensity limit levels for each SSPC 212, 214. For example, the intensity limit of the positive SSPC 212 can be set to 600% and the limit of The intensity of the negative SSPC 214 can be established at 500%. In this way, the stepped intensity limit levels ensure that during a short-circuit load scenario, it is the positive SSPC 212 that first limits the intensity. Voltages and currents are controlled to monitor the situation and the operating condition. SSPC 212, 214 may include elements and methods for preventing leakage current in the semiconductor of which, but not exclusively, a stabilizing resistor 240. At the time of the SSPC state changeover 212, 214, so-called "on-state switching" and "blocking state switching", the SSPC 212, 214 can confine the dV / dt ratio of the charging voltage in a specific band by providing feedback in closed loop on V / dt. The specific band may be any voltage change per unit of time including, but not limited to, 100 V / microsecond for each switch in a +/- 270 VDC network, during "on-state switching" and SSPC 212, 214 can be adjusted to the "blocking state" of the SSPC 212, to adjust the intensity limit setpoint to control the rate of increase of the dl / dt ratio of the load current.
    Figure 5 is a schematic illustration of an example of a bipolar high voltage power distribution network 300 according to various aspects described herein. The bipolar high-voltage power distribution network is similar to that shown in FIG. 4, so that the identical parts will be designated by the same numbers increased by 100, it being understood that, unless otherwise stated, the description of the identical parts of the first bipolar high voltage power distribution network applies to the second bipolar high voltage power distribution network. Figure 5 includes a transient eliminator component 325 with an additional element shown as a freewheeling diode 350 outside of the switch component assembly 316. The freewheeling diode 350 may reduce the transient energy dissipated in the MOV or TVS devices on the main switch 324 of the SSPCs 312, 314. Figure 6 is a schematic illustration of an example of a bipolar high voltage distribution network 400 according to various aspects described herein. The transient elimination component 425 includes the freewheeling diode 450 at the output of the components of the switching component assembly 416. The MOV or TVS devices 452, 454 are located at the input of the SSPCs 412, 414. Whereas, in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, the two SSPCs 212, 214, 312, 314 must be in the same place in order to reduce the losses in the wirings of the freewheeling diode 350, 450, with the configuration of FIG. 4, the components of the switch component assembly 216 do not need to be in the same place.
    Figure 7 is an example of a graph of voltage shapes and intensity shapes that demonstrates the operation of the bipolar high voltage power distribution network according to various aspects described herein. The graph demonstrates how the switch topology described above responds to the unsynchronized switching of the positive SSPC 212, 312, 412 and the negative SSPC 214, 314, 414 as it occurs when the positive SSPC 212, 312, 412 and the negative SSPC 214, 314, 414 are not in the same place. At instant {], electricity is applied to the bipolar high voltage source component 52 which provides 270V positive and negative voltage DC and is represented by the pins 210, 310, 410 in the figures. 4 to 6, the current in the set of switching components 216, 316, 416 momentarily increases as the capacitors of the damping circuits 228, 328, 428 charge. The voltage in each SSPC of the set of components switch 216, 316, 416 increases up to + and - 270 VDC and with the main switch 224, 324, 424 of the set of switching components 216, 316, 416 in the blocking state, the voltage in the switches Main positive and negative 224, 324, 424 is 270 VDC. At time (2), the main switch 224, 324, 424 of the negative SSPC 214, 314, 414 closes and the voltage in the main switch 224, 324, 424 of the negative SSPC 214, 314, 414 drops to 0 V and the output voltage ("NEGATIVE") of the negative SSPC 214, 314, 414 drops to -270 V. Similarly, since the potential is present in the electric charge application component 226, 326, 426, the voltage Positive SSPC output ("Vout Positive") 212, 312, 412 also drops to -270 V. The voltage in the main switch of the positive SSPC 212, 312, 412 is 540 Vdc. load remains at zero, because the main switch 224, 324, 424 of the positive SSPC 212, 312, 412 has not been put into an on state Total intensity ("I Total Positive" and "lTota, Negative") is low due to charging to the positive and negative damping circuits 228, 328, 428. At the instant (3), the main switch 224, 324, 424 positive SSPC 212, 312, 412 is turned on and the voltage in the main switch 224, 324, 424 of the positive SSPC 212, 312, 412 drops to 0V and the output voltage of the positive SSPC 212, 312 , 412 mounts to + 270 V. Also, the electric charge application component 226, 326, 426 is electrically coupled to the bipolar high voltage source component 210, 310, 410 and, therefore, the charging voltage. rises to 540 V and 1 total current rises to 100% of the rated current (eg 120 A). At time (4), the main switch 224, 324, 424 of the positive SSPC 212, 312, 412 is turned off and the voltage in the main switch 224, 324, 424 of the positive SSPC 212, 312, 412 rises to about 1 kV under the effect of the fixed electromotive force (fcem) created by the inductance of the wiring loop. The voltage in the main switch 224, 324, 424 of the positive SSPC 212, 312, 412 drops to a forced regime of 540 V. The charging voltage also drops to zero and the total output intensities of the SSPC drop to 0 A.
    The graphs in Figure 8 indicate when the main switch 224, 324, 424 of the negative SSPC 214, 314, 414 is turned off at the instant (5). Since the damping circuits 228, 328, 428 contain a lot of energy and the stabilizing resistors 240, 241, 340, 341, 440, 441 have relatively high resistance values to reduce the losses in forced mode, the capacitors of the circuits damping 228, 328, 428 are discharged in about 25 ms. Consequently, the positive and negative output voltages and the positive and negative voltages of the main switches do not return to 0 V, 0 V, 270 V and 270 V, respectively, before a delay of 25 ms after the main switch 224, 324, 424 of the negative SSPC 214, 314, 414 was put in the blocking state.
    A bipolar high-voltage direct current distribution in aircraft has the advantage that a lot of electricity can be supplied at a given load at lower intensity levels than those needed in low voltage cabling networks. In some cases, the current requirements for a given load decrease because of the need for electricity, which reduces the wire diameter for a given load, which in turn reduces wiring. The embodiments described above provide, for high voltage direct current semiconductor switching, the advantages of rapid protection against short circuits and rapid limitation of the current during short circuits. rapid protection against cable failures and arcing, control of the load on capacitive loads and protection against switching of inductive loads and lightning. The configuration of the elements described above creates a fault-tolerant network topology of switches, including unsuccessful open or close failure, unsynchronized switching, and secondary protection for each switch. In addition, the topology can be implemented in unidirectional or bidirectional form.
    Since this has not already been described, the various details and structures of the various embodiments can be used at will in combination with each other. The fact that a detail may not be illustrated in all embodiments is not intended to be interpreted as an impossibility; this is only intended to make the description more concise. Thus, the various details of the various embodiments can be mixed and adapted at will to create new embodiments, whether the new embodiments are expressly described or not. All combinations or permutations of details described herein are covered by this disclosure. 2 - aircraft 12, 14 - engine system 16 - bipolar high voltage direct current source 18 - electricity distribution network 26 - control actuator 27 - localized buck converter 28 - air conditioning system 50 - DC distribution network bipolar high voltage 52 - bipolar high voltage direct current component 54 - switching component assembly 56 - transient elimination component 58 - electric charge application component 60 - communication component 100 - distribution method electricity 110, 112, 114 - process steps 100 200 - bipolar high voltage direct current distribution network 210 - bipolar high voltage direct current source component 211 - DC source
    212, 214 - SSPC 216 - switch component assembly 218 - control module 220 - control module 222 - switch control and control subcomponent 224 - main switch 225 - transient elimination component 226 - component electric charge application 228 - damping circuit
    230 - BIT 232 - ground fault interrupt component 234 - communication component 236 - chassis ground 238 - current limiting wire 240 - resistor 241 - resistor 300 - bipolar high voltage direct current distribution network 310 - bipolar high voltage DC source component 311 - DC source
    312, 314 - SSPC 316 - switch component assembly 318 - control module 320 - control module 322 - switch control and control subcomponent 324 - main switch 325 - transient elimination component 326 - component electric charge application 328 - damping circuit
    330 - BIT 332 - earth fault interrupt component 334 - communication component 336 - chassis earth 338 - current limiting wire 340 - resistor 341 - resistor 350 - free-wheeling diode
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    An electric power distribution network in an aircraft, comprising: a bipolar high-voltage direct current source component (52) with a positive voltage conductor and a negative voltage conductor; an electric charge application component (58) adapted to extract electricity from the bipolar high voltage direct current source component (52), a set of switching components (54) adapted to selectively pass component current bipolar high voltage direct current source (52) to the electrical charge application component (58) by switching between a blocking state which suppresses the current flow between the bipolar high voltage direct current source component (52) and the electric charge application component (58) and an on state which establishes the current flow between the bipolar high-voltage direct current source component (52) and the electric charge application component (58), a first under a set of switching components coupled to the positive conductor of the bipolar high-voltage direct current source component (52) and a second subset of switching components being coupled to the negative conductor of the bipolar high-voltage direct current source component (52); and a transient elimination component (56) coupled to the set of switching components (54) and adapted to limit the current flowing in the first or second subset of the set of switching components (54) when the first and second subsets are not in the same state.
    [2" id="c-fr-0002]
    The network of claim 1, wherein the first subset of switching components (212) comprises an intensity limit level shifted from a current limit level of the second subset of switching components. (214) such that when the electric charge application component (226) is short-circuited, the first subset of switching components (212) limits the intensity before the second subset of components switching (214).
    [3" id="c-fr-0003]
    The network of claim 1, wherein the bipolar high voltage direct current source component (210) comprises two 270 volt direct current sources (211).
    [4" id="c-fr-0004]
    4. The network of claim 3, wherein a negative conductor of one of the two high-voltage direct current sources of 270 volts is coupled to the earth (236) of the chassis and the positive conductor of the other of the two current sources. Continuous high voltage of 270 volts is coupled to the earth (236) of the chassis.
    [5" id="c-fr-0005]
    The network of claim 1, wherein the set of switching components (216) comprises two semiconductor current regulators.
    [6" id="c-fr-0006]
    The network of claim 1, further comprising a communication component (60) adapted to apply an external voltage to a set of control terminals of a set of switching components (54) according to a state of 1 set of switching components.
    [7" id="c-fr-0007]
    The network of claim 1, wherein the transient elimination component (225, 325) comprises a set of transient voltage suppressors or a set of metal oxide varistors.
    [8" id="c-fr-0008]
    The network of claim 7, wherein the transient elimination component (225, 325) further comprises a freewheeling diode (350) mounted at the output of the switch component assembly (316).
    [9" id="c-fr-0009]
    The network of claim 5, wherein the semiconductor current regulators comprise a control module (218, 318) which determines whether the current of the switching current in the semiconductor current regulators exceeds a threshold predetermined and a control module (220, 320) which can establish the state of the two semiconductor current regulators in response to the determined intensity of the switching current.
    [10" id="c-fr-0010]
    The network of claim 5, wherein the semiconductor current regulators comprise a control module (218, 318) which determines whether the temperature of the semiconductor current regulators exceeds a predetermined threshold and a control module. (220, 320) which can establish the state of the two semiconductor current regulators in response to the determined temperature.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    GB2541451B|2018-11-28|
    JP2017070189A|2017-04-06|
    US20170054438A1|2017-02-23|
    CA2939740A1|2017-02-20|
    US10027317B2|2018-07-17|
    GB2541451A|2017-02-22|
    GB201514878D0|2015-10-07|
    CN106469907A|2017-03-01|
    BR102016019182A2|2017-03-21|
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    法律状态:
    2017-08-25| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    GB1514878.6A|GB2541451B|2015-08-20|2015-08-20|Systems, methods, and devices for bipolar high voltage direct current electrical power distribution|
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